Combined typewriting and computing



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Patented Mar. 5, 1940 PATENT OFFICE ooMmNED mawlu'rlNG AND COMPUTING aMACHINE Henry L. Pitman, Hartford, Conn., assigner to Underwood ElliottFisher Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware ApplicationFebruary 12, 1936, Serial No. 63,627l

37 Claims.

This invention relates to total-printing mechanism for a combinedtypewriting and computing machine of the Underwood-Hanson classexemplified in my Patent 1,927,951, dated September 26, 1933.

In my co-pending application 42,611, filed September 28, 1935, there isdisclosed a total-printing mechanism whereby, upon operation of atotaltaking control, the numeral-types of the typewriter are caused tobe selected-and actuated automatically, under control of a set ofcomputing wheels and the letter-feeding carriage, to transcribeto awork-sheet on the typewriter-platen the total registered in saidcomputing wheels, said total having been caused to be registered in saidwheels consequent to operation of the numeral-type keys or types of thetypewriter.

An object of the present invention is to provide a total-printingmechanism of this kind capable of printing, by means of numeral-types ofthe typewriter, true negative or overdraft totals as well as the usualpositive totals.

When the computing wheels have become rotated, subtractively tooverdraft or negativetotal registering-positions, said positionscorrespond, angularly, to the complement of the true overdraft. v

A feature of the invention resides in provision whereby saidcomplementary angular positions of ythe overdraft-registering computingwheels determine selection and actuation oi numeraltypes of thetypewriter to print the true overdraft-total.

Devices, employed to read the angular positions of the computing wheels,serve to determine the printing of either the positive digits or thecomplementary digits, corresponding to said angular positions, dependingon whether the total is positive or negative. For example, thewheel-reading device for a given computing wheel may serve to determinethe printing of either 0 or 9 when said wheel stands at what isordinarily the O angular position. If the angular position of the wheelrepresents what is ordinarily 1, the wheel-reading device serves todetermine the printing of either l or 8, and so on; the digits of eachpair lbeing complementary to each other with reference tothe value "9,

Two complementary sets of digit-types, and a letter-feeding carriage areused, one set of digittypes being called into play by means of thewheel-reading devices when a positive total is to be printed, and theother set of digit-types being called into play by means of saidwheel-reading devices when a negative or overdraft total is to (Cl.23S-60) be printed. Said two sets of digit-types have in common a systemof` actuating devices. I'he type-actuating device for the 0 type of oneset of digit-types will also actuate the 9 type of vthe other set, thetype-actuating device for the l type of one set will also actuate the 8"type of the other set, and so on.

Said type-actuating devices may be the digittype actions of thetypewriter which forms a part of the machine, and said two sets ofdigit-types may be upper and lower case components-of said type-actions.The computing-wheel-reading devices serve to select the digit-typeactions according to the angular positions oi the computing wheels; andmeans are provided whereby the computing wheels determine use of eitherthe lower or upper case digit-types, depending on whether said angularpositions represent a positive or a negative total; said means beingoperative, through use of a negative-total characteristic, namely, theregistration of 9 in a highest or ultra-denomination wheel, to determinethat the appropriate case of digit-type will be used for printing whenthe total is negative.

It is contrived that the registration in the computing wheel of lowestor units denomination will be, like in the wheels of higherdenominations, complementary with reference to the value"9 instead of tothe value 10 usually eiected for said units-denomination. This may beaccomplished by the provision or a novel feature of carry-over ortransfer mechamsm, and conduces to the feasibility of printing positiveand true negative totals by use of complementary digittypes.

It follows from the foregoing that a. true negative total may beautomatically printed directly from computing wheels which register thecom.- plementv of said true negative total, and that, therefore, amongother advantages, there is the advantage that neither complex computingoperations nor supplementary register-mechanism is necessary to computeor set up the true negative total from its said 'complement preparatoryto printing said true negative total.

In the Underwood-Hanson machine an amount is set up or indexed inreciprocable drivers for the computing .wheels through operation of thedigittype actions of the typewriter to print the amount. thetypewriter-carriage co-operating to effect the indexing of the driversseriatim. Followingthe printing and indexing of the amount -a generaloperator is cycled to reciprocate the drivers to extents correspondingto the digits indexed, thereby accumulating said amount in the computingwheels; carry-over mechanism also being operative during the cycle toimpart extra carry-over steps to the computing wheels.

By means of the computing-wheel-reading devices, the type-actionscorresponding Vto the anguiar positions of the computing wheels arerendered potentially operable by power in that actual operations of saidtype-actions by power means are effected seriatim, with reference to thecomputing wheels, by means of denominational devices controlled by thetypewriter-carriage in a total-printing zone. v

'Ihe number of denominations in the total printed may be less thanthe'number of computing wheels, and, in such case, one or more computingwheels, ahead of the wheel which registers the first significant figureof a positive total, will register "0. Provision is made whereby, uponoperating a total-taking control, the typewriter-carriage becomespositioned at the first significant figure denomination automatically,so as to avoid printing of any"0 ahead of the first significant figure.This is accomplished preferably by starting the carriage at thedenomination of the highest computing wheel and by having thecomputing-wheel-reading-device and carriage-controlled denominationaldevice for said highest wheel effect operation of thecarriage-escapement mechanism without operation of the "0 type. To thisend means are conditionable whereby each computing-wheelreading devicemay determine, by reason of a `0 position of its computing wheel,operation of the carriage-escapement alone, or of the 0 type, said meansbeing initially in condition at said highest wheel denomination, so thatoperation of the escapement-mechanism alone is determined if the highestwheel registers a nonsigniiicant 0, The carriage will thereby be spaced,without printing, to the denomination of the next highest wheel. If thelatter also registers a non-significant "0 the carriage-spacingoperation will be repeated, and will continue to be repeated until thecarriage arrives at thedenomination of the computing wheel whichregisters the first significant figure of the total. As a result of theprinting of the first significant figure which then takes place, theaforesaid means, which were initially conditioned for carriage-spacingalone, becomes automatically conditioned to enable thecomputing-wheel-reading devices to determine operation of the 0 typewhen their respective wheels register 0, so that any "0" following thefirst significant figure will be printed. It will be understood thatcarriagefeeding steps, effected by means of the escapement-mechanism,accompany the operation of any type from 0 to 9 to print a positivetotal.

Automatic spacing of the typewriter-carriage from the highest wheeldenomination to the first signicant figure denomination is set forth inmy aforesaid co-pending application Serial No.

'42,611, in conjunction with the printing of a positive total.

Since the computing wheels register a negative or overdraft total byangular positions,

. which correspond to the complement of the true contriving to effectautomatic carriage-spacing,

from the highest wheel denomination to the denomination of the wheelregistering the first signicant figure, for negative totals as well asfor positive totals.

.For this purpose novel means are provided whereby the aforementionednegative-total characteristic, namely, the registry of "9" in a highestor ultra-denominational wheel, determines spacing of the carriage,without printing, for each denomination ahead of the computing wheelwhich registers the complement of the first significant figure of thetrue overdraft, this being effected at said each denomination by reasonof the registry of "9 in the corresponding computing wheel. When thecarriage arrives at the denomination corresponding to the computingwheel which registers the complement of the first significant figure ofthe true overdraft, the appropriate type-action is caused to be selectedand actuated to print said first significant figure. Concomitantly withthe printing of said first significant figure, said means willbeconditioned so that the wheel-reading device of any wheel whichregisters 9 after the first significant figure denomination willdetermine actuation of the 9 type-action to print 0" by means of thecomplementary type, said means having been initially conditioned byreason of said negativetotal characteristic, so that the registry of 9in any denomination ahead of the first significant figure of a negativetotal is ineffective to cause printing. Said negative-totalcharacteristic as registered by the computing wheels also determineseffectiveness of the "0 type-action to print "9 by means of thecomplementary type when the angular position of the first significantfigure-registering computing wheel corresponds to ltol).

It is contrived that mechanism comprising the computing-wheel-readingdevices, the typeaction controls, the carriage-controlled denominationaldevice, and the type-action-operating power-means serves substantiallywithout change for printing true negative totals as well as for printingpositive totals. Such mechanism is shown herein as of the kind set forthin my aforesaid co-pending application 42,611.

Certain features of the invention relate to novel means whereby,concurrently with the automatic printing of the negative total from agiven set of computing wheels, said negative total is indexed for andproper accumulation effected in another set of computing wheels.

Operation of a total-key releases the typewriter-carriage for aresulting advance or tabulation to a total-printing zone. Novel meansare provided whereby the carriage, in its advance by operation of saidtotal-key, may skip other zones, it being contrived by said means totabulate the carriage directly to the totalprinting zone independentlyof tabulating devices which are utilized for said other zones. Saidnovel means include provision whereby the operator of the machine isrelieved of the necessity of holding down the total-key until thecarriage arrives at the total-printing zone, in that a momentarypressure on said total-key serves to release the carriage, and toconcomitantly project a carriage-stop to carriage-arresting position,said stop becoming restored automatically after it has served to arrestthe carriage.

Certain features of the invention reside in the novel means wherebycertain properties of the Underwood-Hanson machine are utilized for thepurpose of the invention.v For example, means are provided whereby, asone of the consequences of operating a total-key, the Underwood case-

